Back-to-Africa movement

The back-to-Africa movement was a political movement in the 19th and 20th centuries advocating for a return of the descendants of African American enslaved people to most regions of the African continent. The small number of formerly enslaved who settled—some under duress—initially faced brutal conditions, due to diseases to which they no longer had biological resistance. As the failure became known in the United States in the 1820s, it spawned and energized the radical abolitionist movement. In the 20th century, the Jamaican political activist and black nationalist Marcus Garvey, members of the Rastafari movement, and other African Americans supported the concept, but few actually left the United States.